Consent 101: Why It Matters and How to Practise It

Consent isn’t just something you need for sexual interactions — it’s a daily practice that builds respect, trust, and safety in all relationships. From giving a hug to sharing personal information, asking for and giving consent is about communication, respect, and empowerment. In this guide, we break down what consent looks like, who can give it, and how to make sure your interactions are always safe, clear, and enthusiastic.

Originally published in 2022, we’re refreshing and republishing this guide to help ensure everyone has the tools to navigate consent confidently.

What is consent?

Consent is essentially agreeing to something. This can be agreeing to do something or giving permission for something to happen — whether it’s a hug, a conversation, a kiss, or sharing personal information.

Consent must be:

• Freely given – provided without pressure or coercion

• Retractable – able to be withdrawn at any point

• Informed – aware and updated on what will take place

• Enthusiastic – excited, happy, and eager to go forward

• Specific – given for the specific activity that is happening

Who can provide consent?

It’s never too early to learn about and practise consent. Children can exercise consent in everyday situations, like with physical affection, getting dressed, or taking photos. Consent is something all people can provide — in all parts of life.

However, in sexual interactions, some people cannot legally provide consent. This includes:

• Children, or people under the legal age of consent

• People in your legal care

• People who are intoxicated or under the influence of drugs or alcohol

How can I ask for consent?

Asking for consent is your responsibility. It can be simple and clear:

• “Is it alright if I…?”

• “Would you mind if I…?”

• “Would you like to…?”

• “Are you enjoying this?”

• “Can we try…?”

• “Would you still like to…?”

Consent isn’t just a verbal yes or no — body language matters too. Hesitation or stiffness can indicate no; enthusiastic participation can indicate yes. Always seek affirmative consent — in Victoria (Australia), this is law.

When should I consider consent?

Consent is required any time you’re engaging in a sexual interaction, no matter your relationship history, marital status, or feelings of trust and safety.

It’s also essential to create safety for people to say ‘no’. Power imbalances, age, or authority can make someone feel pressured even without explicit coercion. Acknowledging these dynamics when asking for consent can help someone feel safe to decline or withdraw.

Consent is also important outside sexual interactions. Examples include:

• Giving someone a hug

• Sitting down next to someone

• Having a heavy or emotionally-charged conversation

• Taking a photo or video of someone

• Sharing personal information about someone

Why practicing consent matters

Consent strengthens relationships and community. It’s a simple but powerful way to foster respect, autonomy, and trust, while reducing harm and misunderstandings. Practising consent is not just a legal or moral requirement — it’s a daily habit that benefits everyone.

If you’re feeling affected by this post, please reach out to your local helpline. In Australia, call 1800RESPECT. For resources in the Northern Territory, click here.